Lord Regulus's Pet Command Mastery 101
I've already posted this in the past on different parts of the forum and I was told to re-post this here so this is why this has come up a third time for those of you who were curious.
All I can say is......Wow! That is incredible. As a guy who just created an MM not too long ago and who had no idea how to actually utilize this alt to his fullest, you have made it possible for me to bring him and his minions into their own. Thanks!
-Added upon request.
Lesson 7:Petsay Mastery (Extended)
First, create a folder somewhere that is easy to access, I chose the c:/ drive. (Its the one in My Computer). Once there create a folder inside the c:/ drive (I named mine songs) and save all txt files into that folder. Try to keep the names short. Here is an example.
This is for "A Girl Worth Fighting For" from Mulan.
This file is named agwffa.txt (the A stands for Part A which is for Zelos, on of my ninjas)
$$petsay_name "Zelos" <em lotus><em ><em ><em ><em ><em drumdance><em ><em winner>Hey! Think of instead, a girl worth fighting for!<em ><em ><em point>Thats what I said,<em winner>a girl worth fighting for!<em ><em thankyou>I want her paler than the moon,<em ><em welcome>With eyes that shine like stars!<em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em huh>...
agwffb.txt (B is for Sansoke)
$$petsay_name "Sanoske" <em lotus><em >For a long time we've been marching off to battle<em ><em ><em ><em drumdance>Like the pounding beat Our aching feet aren't easy to ignore<em ><em ><em ><Em huh>Huh?<em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em ><em hmmm>...
and so on and so forth. Look at the <EM > Spacing, that is what keeps the illusion of timing and rythm. It is very important to know how to keep track your simulated timing.
With my /Bind_Load_File songs, usually there are 6 txt files in all loaded simutaniously to produce the entire song. the command for that looks like this:
/macro ML bind_load_file c:/songs/agwffa$$bind_load_file c:/songs/agwffb$$bind_load_file c:/songs/agwffc$$bind_load_file c:/songs/agwffd$$bind_load_file c:/songs/agwffe$$bind_load_file c:/songs/agwfff
Since there are so many commands in that one command, make the macro first "/macro ML a" and then right click on it, click edit, delete the a in the command line, and then paste the commands into the macro.
-End of Lesson 7 Extended
-Post
I got a request to go further into the details of Lesson 7:Petsay Mastery, so I hope this will clarify /Bind_Load_Files a bit more for those of you who are interested. I am not going to include this in the e-mail I send out, it wouldn't fit. Infact, Lesson 5 on the forums is actually 5a and 5b in the online set e-mails.
Great guide and all, but what I want to know is how to make binds or macros for those special type of minions or special (arsonist, medic, and Wraith/Tortured Soul/Ghost).
This is all very well and good. But first and simple things first!
How the devil do I replenish the failing health of my poor mercs before they die off?
Or did I miss the section on pet buffing?
If so, please point me in the right direction and I will be happy enough to say 'My bad'
I'm only laughing on the outside
My smile is just skin deep
If you could see inside, I'm really crying
You might join me for a weep
My Roster
[ QUOTE ]
Great guide and all, but what I want to know is how to make binds or macros for those special type of minions or special (arsonist, medic, and Wraith/Tortured Soul/Ghost).
[/ QUOTE ]
You can't actually of course use a macro to tell a minion what attack to use and when (if only). But what you can do is try making a macro or bind for a single target retreat
/macro Run petcom passive follow
or if you want it to be directed to a minion specifically...
/macro MDR petcom_name "Roy the Med-man" passive follow
This will cause the minon targeted or the minion named Roy--- to run full speed back to you. This should save the suicidal types from going into melee when they are ranged pets.
And you can't command those Necromancy extracted souls.
[ QUOTE ]
This is all very well and good. But first and simple things first!
How the devil do I replenish the failing health of my poor mercs before they die off?
Or did I miss the section on pet buffing?
If so, please point me in the right direction and I will be happy enough to say 'My bad'
[/ QUOTE ]
Again, there is no macro or bind to make your medic heal your minions.
A) Try spreading them out a bit so that they don't get pounded by AoE damage. Maybe send your Commando in first to absorb some damage then get the other pets in the action while you heal the Commando.
B) Get Aid Other if you're not /Dark or /Poison.
C) Place your Medic in passive and have him follow you around then put him in defensive when someone is injured. I've never tried this, but maybe the medic will prioritize healing the injured comrade rather than going "Dork Rambo". I don't know the Medic's AI well enough so don't quote me on that one but its worth a shot.
D) If pets are dying...
Commando: Fall back! Fall back! We are taking to many hits and Roy the Med-Man is already gone!
Roy: Im a tank! Ph3ar MeH! *rushes into the mob in melee*
Soldier 1: Hold the line! Hold the line!
Spec Ops 2: Retreat!
Sodier 2: I'm not leaving Roy behind! YARGH! *Charges in* I'M COMIN' ROY!
Commando: No Johnny, don't do it!
... what?
ANYWAYS... Just use this command and hope for the best.
/macro Flee Petcom_all passive follow
Nice post LR
like someone asked earlier, do you have a macro set up for buffing them? buffing 6 ninja's with 2 different buff's takes quite a while and is tedious.
????
grassy
Ok, I swear I'm not trying to piss anybody off. But my MM is only 10. And I have absolutely no idea what this 'medic' you refer to is.
Does the MM get a medic minion at a higher level?
I read the walk-through about the AT before asking these questions. But it doesn't address the issue at all. It just gives the bio of some skinny Voodoo girl.
Can I drop inspirations on my mercs or some such?
If I already have some sord of 'medic,' please tell me where and how to take advantage of it. Unless your reference to it was some sort of inside joke. Then I'm still at sea.
I'm only laughing on the outside
My smile is just skin deep
If you could see inside, I'm really crying
You might join me for a weep
My Roster
First, I recommend reading through Red_Zero's MM Guide here.
But to give some fast answers:
The third minion of the mercenary set is a Medic. He is obtained at level 18 (when the third minion is acquired...remember at level 6 when you got two minions instead of one). Medics will apply heals and stimulants to pets (similar to the Medicine power pool). They have to be set to aggressive or defensive stance though to do this.
You can drag and drop your own inspirations onto a pet in the pet window. They will use the inspiration immediately if able.
You might have a look at my own guide below for controlling pets too.
-Sandolphan
"When heroes fail, the Angels will save you."
MASTERMIND NUMERIC KEYPAD PET CONTROLS
HAMIDON NUKE RAID GUIDE
Sandolphan...
Thank-you a thousand times, for an answer that actually answers the question.
At your behest, I will be reading Red Zero's MM Guide and then your own, as soon as I finish posting this.
I'm only laughing on the outside
My smile is just skin deep
If you could see inside, I'm really crying
You might join me for a weep
My Roster
Oh, I have to stop assuming people know things that read guides. Most people don't know something if they are reading a guide . Sorry for not answering your initial question but make sure to check out the rest of the MM guides on the forums for the wealth of information. Mercs are a good choice stick with em.
No harm done. I am already reaping all manner of benefit from some of my new reading material.
As you can see...
A tip of the hat to you sir.
I'm only laughing on the outside
My smile is just skin deep
If you could see inside, I'm really crying
You might join me for a weep
My Roster
Cool, But How Do You Add The Extra Command Buttons Onto Your Power Tray Like, Go To, Stay, The Tree Stances, Etc..,
I have Looked And Not Found Out How To Do That...
Two ways you can make powertray buttons:
1. Open your pet menu and drag a button icon to the tray. Right click the button to edit what it does.
2. The /macro command will create a button with the label and function you assign. The command syntax is:
/macro label "command"
-Sandolphan
"When heroes fail, the Angels will save you."
MASTERMIND NUMERIC KEYPAD PET CONTROLS
HAMIDON NUKE RAID GUIDE
I have been playing MMs since Villains release and to in my opinion the best way to do commands is the numeric pad that way your power trays arent filled up with commands and can be used for actual powers.
I like the powerbar macro tray myself. For those of you who want a macro tray, I suggest a set-up like this:
My Macro Tray
I've got a laptop so I don't have a number pad unless I press and hold an "Fn" key between Ctrl and Windows while pressing a corresponding letter that has small numbers on em. Too much of a hassle! If you think you might get a laptop to game on sooner or later, either plan on gettin a USB keyboard or use the macro tray. It'll be a lot easier on ya.
I set up my summon and equip/upgrade powers on a separate bar, with a macro to switch to it (and one to switch back).
That way I don't lose spots on my command bar (8 macros for setting stance and behavior, plus 2 leadership toggles!) or on my attack bars for summoning.
/macro Summon gototrayalt2 4
/macro Control gototrayalt2 3
I also have a "Temp" and "Teleporter" control tray (tray 9) since those see sporadic use as well.
Now, about those 8 stance and action macros... the stock macros you get out of the box, frankly, suck. Do you REALLY want your bots to go aggressive every time you tell them to attack something? No! So, what i did was this:
Scrap the three stock macros, and create these 8 macros:
/macro Agg "petcomall aggressive"
/macro Def "petcomall defensive"
/Macro Pass "Petcomall passive"
/macro Attack "petcomall attack"
/macro Heel "petcomall follow"
/macro Goto "petcomall goto"
/macro Stay "petcomall stay"
/macro Bye "petcomall dismiss"
Now, for all of the macros except the last one, you can type the command once, and then drag the icon from the pet tray's Advanced View. This makes it prettier (icons instead of text). Since dismissing a pet removes it from the pet window, there is no icon to 'steal'. So that one will have to be a typed macro, if you plan to use it. Some MM's don't.
Now why would I break out the stance and action commands like I did? It's like this. I can now set them into any stance, and have them do any action, independently. Follow Defensive? Sure. Goto Aggressive? Got that too. Stay Passive? Done.
There's two other tips I would like to pass on.
1) Focused Firepower Is Your Friend.
As soon as you get more than one minion, having two (or more) focus their firepower on a particular target is a good thing. It goes down quicker. When you get to high levels, and there start to be annoying critters in the spawns (ones that could wreak havoc with your nefarious plans, such as Longbow Nullifiers), you need to be able to tear them apart before they can so much as get a shot off. This strategy is known as alpha-striking, and it can be VERY effective as long as you know what you're taking on.
2) Never Take The Alpha
As the MM, you yourself are a weak little milquetoast, with only the power of your minions to back you. As such, you never ever EVER want to attract the ire of a spawn on you if you can help it. So... if you need to pull... have a minion do it. */traps MM's have several good methods (seeker drones, acid mortar are my top faves.... caltrops less so because it will slow a spawn down, they still see YOU as the source of the pointy bits). Once the return volley has been fired (at your bots, NOT you!) then it's probably pretty safe to lay a poison trap, fire off Weaken, use a force bubble attack, or what have you. Forcefield MM's can just turtle under PFF once they've told their bots what to do, of course.
"City of Heroes. April 27, 2004 - August 31, 2012. Obliterated not with a weapon of mass destruction, not by an all-powerful supervillain... but by a cold-hearted and cowardly corporate suck-up."
Just a quick question. My damn Zombies won't attack inanimate objects (bank vaults, cars, pay phones, etc). Is there any way to rewrite the attack command so they'll obey me?
[ QUOTE ]
Just a quick question. My damn Zombies won't attack inanimate objects (bank vaults, cars, pay phones, etc). Is there any way to rewrite the attack command so they'll obey me?
[/ QUOTE ]
Some objects confuse pets because the 'target' for the object isn't actually the entire object. Sometimes pets will have a hard time destroying cardboard boxes, trucks, bus stops, even other objects in other missions. Since they are melee based, they think they can't reach the object, though they are standing right next to them. If you ever free that elec/elec brute from prison, you'll see she thunderclaps and powersinks some objects because she thinks she can't reach it. The best solution if your pets arent attacking something is to:
A) Move them away from the object and wait a second to see if they use a ranged attack
or
B) Destroy the object yourself. You have Brawl and your Origin Power. No problem there once you're higher in level.
Sorry if this is an old topic, but have big macro sequences like YMCA been altered? I copy and pasted what you linked, and each one works individually, but when all the seperate macros are pressed at the same time, it does not function.
Why won't this bind work?
/bind k "local Who Da Man?$$petsay_all <em praise>You Da Man! You Da Man!"
My toon says that and then the pets do the praise em. I have it working on my robo MM or at least did a few years ago and thought I had it written down right but seems not.
Thanks!
Because the <> symbols are currently broken in chat in I13.
Tech Support Rule #1 - They will lie to you. Usually intentionally.
I believe there is a limit to how much can be in the macro. I made my own macro earlier today and once it hits a certain point in the macro some pets just stop saying their lines and i really cant see anything wrong in the code.
Well, over 2 years past the original post date, and this is still brilliant stuff!
MM is the only reason I went redside. I love pet classes in games. This is going to make controlling those hyperactive children that pass for ninjas a lot easier.
Pet Command Mastery 101
My Opinion For Starting Masterminds
You can skip this part. This is just my opinion
Consider these two things in Mastermind creation
1)You hardly do any damage by yourself
2)Your defenses are pitiful
If your new to the Mastermind and do not wish to respec later then Don't Go For Personal Attack Powers in your primary set. I usually see all these masterminds in their higher levels (including myself) cursing themselves for gettin the first two attack powers of their primary power set(like snap shot and aimed shot) Sure you think you do damage early on, then you notice you keep doing relativly the same damage at higher levels. It is a good plan to get the first attack powers then respec out of them later but if you don't want to waste it my suggestion to you is to focus on summoning and your second powerset. The only problem with this of course is that if your minions are down, well, so are you. You problably would be dead anyways seeing as how your defenses are horrid, the best idea if all your minion die is for you to run and hope you can resummon. If you do have your second power pool however, you can slow your enemies down or debuff them to give you time to summon up your guys again. With most early mastermind builds I have seen, running is half the battle. Anyways now after getting my opinion on MasterMinds, lets get to the lessons.
Lesson 1: Pet Basics
When your first start out in mercy you should have your first pet summon by level 2. I would suggest to go to options in your pet window(top left-hand corner) and toggle advanced mode and show individual pet commands. Its a little harder but when you get used to it you can have much better control of your pets. If you don't, thats fine, just remember that it is better to switch to a harder interface to make it easier on yourself and your teammates. Here are some FAQ I get about pets:
Q:"How do I name my pets"
A:Just right click on your pet and click rename them.
Q:"My pets are glitchy and follow other masterminds"
A:They aren't following them, they are most likely in defensive or aggresive mode and detect a battle nearby. Set them in passive by either using the default passive command (green button on your power tray) or use the petwindow to set your pets to passive.
Q:"Is there a reason why my pets do better when I am near them?"
A:Yes. that is because of your default/inherit leadership power. This only affects your minions.
Q:It says my first summon can summon 3 pets at a time, but every time I try to summon, it fails"
A:You simply aren't high enough of a level to summon more than one pet. As you level up you can summon multiple minions and they will all be summoned at the same time.
1 lower summon- level 1 (when power is first available)
2 lower summons- level 6
3 lower summons- level 18
1 mid summon- level 12 (when power is first available)
2 mid summon- level 24
1 high summon- level 26 (when power is first available)
Lesson 2: Basic Petsay
What is /petsay you ask? It is a command you type in your chat which allows you to make your pets say things and peform emotes. You can use these commands to either bring some attention to your pets or to give them peronalites of their own (for all you roleplayers out there)
KEEP THIS FORMULA IN MIND! IT IS THE MOST BASIC AND IS THE BUILDING BLOCK FOR ALL PET COMMANDS IN THIS TUTORIAL!
/petsay formula
/petsay <em emote> -text-
an example of this is:
/petsay <em wave>Hello!
Now the selected pet will do a little wave and say hello. Depending on where the text and the emote are placed makes all the difference. Make sure that if you want the pet to do the emote and the text togehter, you put the emote before the text, otherwise the pet will say hello and then do a wave a few seconds later. Also you can make conversations by adding more than one emote. This is what I call EMOTE TIMING.
/petsay <em emote>text<em emote>more text<em emote>even more text... etc
example of this is:
/petsay <em point>What is that?<em peerin>Its so far away!<em >I can barely see it!
this can go on until you max out the # of characters in your text box.
NOTE notice how I made an <em >, This is what I like to call an EMOTE SPACER. This will seperate text so that an emote is not inturrpeted by another emote.
Just like any command, you can bind it to a key or make a macro in your power tray. I perfer /macro myself because it will be more beneficial later on in the tutorial.
A keybind will look like this
/bind "key" petsay -----
A macro will look like this
/macro "Macro name" petsay -----
I stress that you only use macros and binds in special cases. If it is just a simple conversation, don't macro it.
Lesson 3:Basic Petcom
Petcom stands for Pet Commands. These are the orders you give for your pets to attack and defend you. You will usually never type these commands so I suggest setting up a macro power tray specifically for these commands. Now, why would you want a power tray full of orders? Well for one thing, most players don't use all their power trays. Also, it saves time from having to manually issue orders to all the pets which makes if a life or debt situation.
Petcom's basic formula:
/petcom stance order
Example of this is:
/petcom passive attack
The three stances and the four orders are:
Stances:Aggresive, Defensive, and Passive
Orders: Attack, goto, follow, and stay
Try combining different stances and orders to suit your situation. But before you make macros or keybinds for these take a look at lesson four.
Lesson 4:The Three Important Tags
There are three tags that I find important to add to petsay and petcom commands. These are tags you can add to either petsay or petcom to specialize commands to suit your situation.
The three tags are:
_all - This tag commands all pets to perform the command
example1: /petsay_all <em wave> Hello!
example2: /petcom_all passive attack
_pow "pet group" - This tag commands a group of pets to do a command.
example1: /petsay_pow "call genin" <em no>We aren't ready
example2: /petcom_pow "zombie horde" passive stay
Note To find out what the group is called, look at the white text above the name of the pets in the petwindow.
Lesson 5:Advanced Petsay
This section is for those with a lot of time on their hands. Now think for a second, you know /petsay can make your pets do anything u want them to do. Is there a step further? The answer is yes, an uneccesary step for those of you with so much time and nothing better to do.
Petsay Ideas
Ever get tired of the generic costume contest? It all depends on the judge's point of view. Why not use those minions for something other than battle? Make a game of some sort utilizing petsay commands! Heres an example of my original game idea:
Trivial Pursuit with Pets
Recomended # of pets - 4+
Set three pets on passive stay facing you. these three pets should be facing you and seperated so that players can stand next to them. Have one pet (the game host) standing next to. Using macros or keybinds, program a series of
/petsay_name commands for him to explain the rules
Example uses multiple macros and my pet's names:
1)/macro GS1 petsay_name "Zelos" <em welcome>Hello! and welcome to CoV Trivial Pursuit!<em fancybow>I am your host Zelos.<Em >Now before I begin let me explain the rules.
2)/macro GS2 petsay_name "Zelos" <em research> I will ask questions about City of Villians.<Em >Some are common knowlege and some are indepth
3)/macro GS3 petsay_name "Zelos" When you have your answer please let me know by pressing your Ready! quick-key<em >This is F7 by default<em thumbsup><bg color green><color black>Ready!
4)/macro GS4 petsay_name "Zelos" Do not give me your answer before I ask for them<Em >letting me know that everyone is ready allows slow typers to answer a question correctly.
5)/macro GS5 petsay_name "Zelos" If you answer early the answer doesn't count for you or against you<Em huh>But it does let everyone else use your answer.<em >get your answer ready again.
6)/macro GS6 petsay_na... you get the idea
after that introduction, then you can manually type the scorecards and questions
/petsay What is the name of the Mastermind that came out in Issue 7?
/petsay Correct! that 1 point for the genin team!
/petsay <em score1>
Have fun with that. I suggest if you have all your minion types to divide them into teams like Genin, Jounin, and Oni teams.
Songs
Recomended # of pets - 5-6
Do you have a song that you really like? You can't hear the music itself, but it is hilarious to see your pets sing and dance to it. One of the most popular ones I have made is YMCA
Example Song:
1)/macro YMCA petsay_name "Zelos"<em point>Young man!<Em welcome>Theres no need to feel down I said,<em point>Youngman!<em bowdown>Pick yourself off the ground I said,<Em point>Youngman!<em dance>Cause you're new in town theres no<em flex1>Need-to-be-unhappy!
2)/macro YMCA petsay_all <em dance>Its fun to stay at the<Em thewave>Y.M.C.A!<em dance>Its fun to stay at the<em thewave>Y.M.C.A!<em dance>
3)/macro YMCA petsay_name "Sanoske" <em welcome>They have everything<em point>that young men can enjoy!<em dance>You can hang out with all the boys!
*repeat second macro"
4)/macro YMCA petsay_name "Chidoru" <em welcome>You can get yourself clean<em point>You can have a good meal<em flip>You can do whatever you feel!<Em dance>
5)/macro YMCA petsay_name "Takashi" <em no>No man<Em huh>Does it all by himself I said,<em point>Youngman!<em bowdown>Put your pride on the shelf and just<em drumdance>Go there!<em >to the YMCA Im sure<em flex2>they can help you today!
*repeat macro 2*
*repeat macro 3*
*repeat macro 2*
*repeat macro 4*
6)/macro YMCA petsay_name "Kazuma" <Em welcome>One day!<em wave>Someone came up to me and said,<em point>Young man!<em drumdance>Take a walk up the street there is<em point>A place!<Em thewave>Called the YMCA Im they can<em flex3>Start-you-back-on-your-way!
7)/macro YMCA <em thewave>Y.M.C.A!<em dance>
*repeat macro 7*
*repeat macro 2*
*repeat macro 3*
*repeat macro 2*
*repeat macro 4*
*repeat macro 7*
*repeat macro 7*
-=Pause=-
*repeat macro 7*
And thats a song. Yes it is VERY uneccesary. but entertainting. Try making your own Petsay things. It's very fun and entertains people.
Lesson 6:Advanced Petcom
The idea here is to minimalize casulties. You never know when reinforcements might come and you have just sacrificed most of your pets to kill the last group. Here is an example using a Heist mission. The most annoying thing is that reinforcements always gun for you. They ignore minions and head right for the mastermind. This is a very bad thing if you haven't prepared. When you reach the vault itself first kill all the gaurds inside. after that, set up a blockade.
The idea of the blockade is for the minions to deal with all the reinforcement groups before you steal the cash and make your escape. You can use bodyguard but if your minions can deal with the reinforcements on their own it saves you the
Ninjas - Go to the vault room door. Put jounin in aggresive stay the hallways infront of the doorway. put your genin in aggresive stay in the doorway to prevent gaurds from coming through. Send your oni to attack the vault door. When
you hear that reinforcements have arrived move him to aggresive stay behind the genin and keep your oni in the back behind the genin so he can use rings of fire and fire blast from a distance and if they get close the your genin he can use fire breath to quickly dispatch the gaurds. After that send him back to the door.
Robotics - Hopefully you have some knockback luck with this. Set your first 3 battles drones up in the frontlines in the doorway in aggresive stay. Behind them is your assult bot, keep him in the middle and try to use him to shoot the vault door while holding his position behind the battle drones. Keep the protectors in the back in aggresive stay so they continue to bubble and heal the minions.
Mercenaries - Same set up as the robots except switch the medic with your last summon so the medic is in the middle healing.
Necromancy - exact same set up as ninjas (should work)
Thugs - Thugs are one of the best (and problably the most overpowered) masterminds in the game. You can set up a strong defense with a brute standing in the hallway, the punks in the doorway and enforcers behind them. Set your brute in aggresive and watch him run around and obliterate almost everything with ease.
Everything other than the Ninja and Thug masterminds is based on obsevations. But I hope this example helps in planning a good strategy.
Lesson 7:Petsay Mastery
This is a complicated proceedure which requres some computer skill. If done correctly you can literally cut the macros required in a song in half or more!
Step 1) Create a folder somewhere (it doesn't matter, I decided to put it in C:/ itself)
Step 2) Name the folder and open notepad. Use a simple name in lowercase letters to make it easier on yourself
Step 3) In notepad, write down all the programming required for your petsay song or skit (put $$ infront of the coding in the document or else it won't work)
Step 4) save the coding in the folder and then use the CoH/CoV command Bind_load_file to open the txt in game.
Example
/macro song1 bind_load_file "C:/songs/song1.txt"
(in the txt document)
$$petsay_all <em welcome>We can sing<em dance>we can dance<em none>and thats it<em wave>cya!
This is more complicated but if you load multiple song parts at a time you can link 6 txt files (one for each minion) and have them sing an entire song with one click.
Conclusion
Yes much of this information is uneccesary and rather pointless. And most likely this information is presented better somewhere else. But its isn't a bad idea to have the same information presented incase some people learn faster through lessons. I hope this makes up for my first attempt at this Tutorial. Feel free to ask questions, point out all gramatical errors in this tutorial, and tell me things I have missed. I have this saved for those who want this guide on their computers for quick reference. Thanks for reading!