I don't think there's any way to say for sure without testing it. According to City of Data entry for Omega Bomb (link here) the Taunt power does not actually inherit Taunt enhancements which would mean that the proc would not work (and that slotting Taunt IOs at all is a total waste) but CoD is not always 100% accurate and procs in pets sometimes perform very weirdly so it still might be worth a shot.
Procs in nukes generally aren't really worth it, though, even if it does work.
Culex's resistance guide
I suspect that the proc might actually damage the mobs when it appears and taunts. It should be simple enough to test since the psi damage numbers will appear before the bomb does its primary damage. Even so, you will get far more damage in the end if you just slot Omega Maneuver like an attack... accuracy, damage and recharge.
The bomb's taunt is quite weak and easily eclipsed by any sort of attack (especially your own pets) and I would not bother to enhance it. It's actually more effective to include the Damage/Range IO from Positron's Blast so that you can stand a little further away when you plant it.
Okay So I was helping my friend with a crab build on mids and I noticed that omega maneuver can take taunt IOs. With that, would the chance for psy damage proc in the taunt sets work if implimented into omega maneuver...since it has a taunt effect on enemies that draws them closer?